The Right to Eat and Drink

Reading:  1 Corinthians 9:1-7
    
    While Paul may appear to have changed the subject here, he is actually building a case for forgoing rights (as in 8:13).  He will argue that as an apostle, he has a number of rights (v. 4, 5, 6) that he gives up to advance the gospel.  “Am I not free?  Am I not an apostle?  Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?  Are you not my workmanship in the Lord?”(1 Cor 9:1).  Paul is an apostle with impressive credentials that deserve respect.  He has rights.

    He then speaks of himself and Barnabas together.  “Do we not have a right to eat and drink?  Do we not have the right to take along a believing wife, as do the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas?  Or is it only Barnabas and I who have no right to refrain from working?”(1 Cor 9:4-6).  “A right to eat and drink” means that Paul can receive pay for his preaching to sustain his physical needs.  He also has a right to bring a wife with him and to “refrain from working” so that he can focus on preaching, relying on churches to meet his needs.  It is not wrong for Paul to expect to get his living from those he works to help—just as a soldier, vinedresser, or shepherd would (v. 7).  

    Paul’s teaching reminds us that it is appropriate for Christians to financially support men who preach the gospel (1 Cor 9:14).  It is important for Christians to remember the needs such men have to “eat and drink” and that we “share in all good things with him who teaches”(Gal 6:6).  The fact that preachers may receive pay does not mean that they are all charlatans and moneygrubbers.  Meanwhile, it is equally important for preachers to remember that they are “(refraining) from working for a living”—that others are sacrificing and giving of their labors to support them.  Humility and gratitude should characterize both sides.

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One Thing to Think About:  How do I really feel about the idea of giving up my rights? 

One Thing to Pray For:  Gratitude for those who preach the gospel—and those who support them
 

When Rights Go Wrong

Reading:  1 Corinthians 8:7-13
    
    Paul has established that since idols are not a real thing (1 Cor 8:4), eating food offered to them is not an issue.  But that’s not the final word on the topic.  “However, not all possess this knowledge.  But some, through former association with idols, eat food as really offered to an idol, and their conscience, being weak, is defiled”(1 Cor 8:7).  Some Christians—probably former idol-worshipers—struggle with still thinking that this is wrong.  This is no small thing; it causes them to feel “defiled”(v. 7), wounds their conscience (v. 12), and causes them to “stumble”(v. 13, 9).

     Paul zooms out from the situation:  “Food will not commend us to God.  We are no worse off if we do not eat, and no better off if we do.  But take care that this right of yours does not somehow become a stumbling block to the weak”(1 Cor 8:8-9).  Are my food choices worth causing my brother to sin and violate his conscience?  By stumbling, Paul means more than someone not liking what we eat:  “For if anyone who sees you who have knowledge eating in an idol’s temple, will he not be encouraged, if his conscience is weak, to eat food offered to idols?”(1 Cor 8:10).  Someone who sees me doing something they believe is wrong will be encouraged to do the wrong thing themselves.   So Paul concludes, “if food makes my brother stumble, I will never eat meat, lest I make my brother stumble”(1 Cor 8:13).  Paul would rather forgo his right than exercise it to the detriment of his brother.

    Americans are rights-focused people.  “I have a right to…” is, in our time, a de facto justification for any behavior.  As Christians, we have rights, including the right to eat certain things without fear of God’s judgment.  But the fact that we can do something doesn’t mean that we should.  How do my rights affect the real people around me—with their hard pasts, weak consciences, and personal struggles?  Am I willing to give up my legitimate rights to bless others?  

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One Thing to Think About:  Have I thought about how my choices affect others—especially family, brothers in Christ, and close friends? 

One Thing to Pray For:  Awareness of the impact of my choices on others
 

Knowledge Puffs Up, Love Builds Up

Reading:  1 Corinthians 8:1-6
    
    In the next three chapters, Paul will address “food offered to idols”(1 Cor 8:1).  This is meat from animals sacrificed to pagan gods, which was then sold in the meat market in cities like Corinth.  Should Christians eat this?  “Now concerning food offered to idols:  we know that ‘all of us possess knowledge.’  This ‘knowledge’ puffs up, but love builds up”(1 Cor 8:1).  There is clearly a division of opinion on this topic in Corinth, which seems to center on people who describe what “we know” and others whose conscience is weak and feel unable to partake (v. 9).  Paul stresses that knowledge does not always solve problems between people.  For one, knowledge can lead to us thinking more of ourselves than is warranted:  “If anyone imagines that he knows something, he does not yet know as he ought to know”(1 Cor 8:2).  Knowledge can puff up, but love builds up.

    There are some things that we know that can aid in the discussion.  “We know that ‘an idol has no real existence,’ and that ‘there is no God but one’”(1 Cor 8:4).  Despite the abundance of pagan “gods,” “for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist”(1 Cor 8:6).  In other words, Zeus and Poseidon may wear the name “god,” but they are not real.  Yet just because we know that doesn’t mean that our conscience is prepared to dismiss their worshipers, temples, and sacrifices as innocuous.  There is more to this issue than knowledge.

    Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up.  Knowledge can lead me to disdain others who don’t know what I know (v. 7).  Many topics have an essential truth component, yet cannot be fully understood without addressing our hearts.  How will my actions affect others?  How do I apply this truth in love?  If I am not prepared to live with love toward my brother, all my knowledge does me (and him) no good.  

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One Thing to Think About:  Can I love my brother even when I disagree with him?

One Thing to Pray For:  Willingness to allow both knowledge and love to inform my judgment
 

Marriage Is for Life

Reading:  1 Corinthians 7:36-40
    
    Paul gives advice regarding the “betrothed”(or “virgins”), although it is unclear whether he is referring to engagements or the arrangements parents make for their children’s marriage.  His point is the same in either case:  “if his passions are strong and it has to be, let him do as he wishes:  let them marry—it is no sin”(1 Cor 7:36).  Some versions add “if she is past her youth,” suggesting yet another pressure that leads the Corinthians to feel urgency about marriage.  Paul does not suggest that marriage is wrong (“it is no sin”), just unwise due to the current circumstances.  “So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better”(1 Cor 7:38).

    Why all this careful talk about marriage?  God intends marriage to be permanent.  “A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives.  But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord”(1 Cor 7:39).  Marriage is for life.   Only when her husband dies is a wife free to be married to another.  Yet even here, Paul thinks it would be better for her to remain a widow:  “Yet in my judgment she is happier if she remains as she is”(1 Cor 7:40).   This is Paul’s judgment, to which he enigmatically adds “and I think that I too have the Spirit of God”(1 Cor 7:40).  

    Marriage is for life.  It is not like changing clothes, jobs, or houses.  This suggests that marriage should not be rushed into without consideration of all the ramifications.  Marriage gains strength from its permanence.  Only when both parties are committed to one another can conflicts be successfully resolved, love affirmed, and intimacy enjoyed.   “Marriage is for life” is a principle that must not just be stated, but lived out.

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One Thing to Think About:  Am I committed to my mate “till death do us part”?

One Thing to Pray For:  Wisdom about whether to marry, whom to marry, and how to make peace
 

The Benefits of Singleness

Reading:  1 Corinthians 7:25-35
    
    Paul gives his opinion here about “virgins”("betrothed" in ESV), probably young women who are considering marriage.  “Now concerning the betrothed, I have no command from the Lord, but I give my judgment as one who by the Lord’s mercy is trustworthy.  I think that in view of the present distress it is good for a person to remain as he is”(1 Cor 7:25-26).  His opinion (distinct from God’s command) is that virgins remain single.  He does not explain the “present distress,” but it probably suggests persecution (see v. 29-31).  The circumstances mean that Paul (a single man himself) views singleness as preferable.

    Why?  “Yet those who marry will have worldly troubles, and I would spare you that”(1 Cor 7:28).  The time is approaching when married people will wish they were unmarried (v. 29), suggesting that one would constantly worry about persecution dividing the family.  There is also an issue of focus:  “I want you to be free from anxieties.  The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.  But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife, and his interests are divided”(1 Cor 7:32-33).  Singleness allows full attention to be on pleasing Jesus; marriage demands that we please both Jesus and our spouse.  Paul is reassuring single people that there are significant advantages to remaining single, including the freedom to pursue spiritual growth more intensely.  Yet even in this he acknowledges that this is simply his suggestion, not a hard-and-fast rule (v. 35).  He wants to “secure your undivided devotion to the Lord”(1 Cor 7:35).

    What to do with a text like this?  Paul touts the benefits of singleness, encouraging single people not to be discontent but to view their state as a blessing.  Singleness can be incredibly powerful if we use the freedom it gives us to grow closer to Jesus and serve others.  Meanwhile, those who are married must take seriously the warning about divided loyalties (v. 32-33).  We love our spouses and serve Jesus by serving them, yet it is easy to grow so home-focused that we forget to be Jesus-focused.  

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One Thing to Think About:  Do I have “undivided devotion” to Jesus?

One Thing to Pray For:  Foresight to make decisions that will help me remain faithful to Jesus